Poster Session
Expanding the L2 Willingness to Communicate Scale: Incorporating Virtual Exchange Contexts
This study expands on Lee and Drajati’s (2019) scale of willingness to communicate in a second language (L2 WTC) in digital and non-digital EFL contexts to include virtual exchange (VE) contexts. The original scale comprises eleven items across three factors: L2 WTC inside the classroom, L2 WTC outside the classroom, and L2 WTC in the context of informal digital learning of English. Two items related to VE were added to L2 WTC inside the classroom factor: one for speaking with non-native speakers and another for native speakers of the participant’s L2. Additionally, the items in the third factor were changed to reference social media rather than Facebook. The revised L2 WTC was administered to first-year STEM majors at a small Japanese university (n=195). Cronbach’s alpha demonstrated high internal reliability, and the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the additions and changes to items still fit the three-factor model. These results validate the L2 WTC scale in the Japanese context and offer a new tool for researchers examining changes in WTC with VE. Attendees can scan a QR code to access the questions and stay updated with ongoing research.